Pakistan's Year in Cricket: 2011

You've got to love the way Pakistan team plays, they will win you a match from impossible situations and all you can do is just to be amazed and they will lose from a winning position and you would still be amazed. Many raised questions over Pakistan cricket and their unpredictably after the spot fixing saga so they changed things around with the most consistent performance by a Pakistani team ever. Perhaps the only thing that unites Pakistan as a nation these days is Cricket and 2011 was the best example of it. Pakistani team performed exceptionally and for a change consistently in all formats that brought about the best year of our cricketing history. The players were rewarded due to their hard work and playing clean and to their potential but more importantly it were the supporters of Pakistani cricket team that were rewarded for sticking and supporting their team over the past few dark years. 


2010 was the worst possible year one could have imagined for Pakistani team. Nightmare Australian tour especially the Sydney test which could have been won easily, Shahid Afridi's ball biting incident, Banning of 9 players due to different reasons after the tour, Playing T20 world cup with a second string side yet making it to the semifinal and that last over by Saeed Ajmal, Spot fixing saga, Zulqarnain Haider's case, it seemed as if the troubles won't end.

But then 2011 started, First assignment was the tour of New Zealand which actually started at the end of 2010 when we lost the T20 series 2-1.This was also the last assignment before the World Cup 2011. The first Test of the 2 match series began on the 3rd of January and with that perhaps the golden run which continued throughout the year. Pakistan won the first test comprehensively and went on to win the test series 1-0 which was our first since 2006, Misbah ul Haq the Captain was able to win his first series in second attempt was also the man of the series.

They also won the 6 match ODI series 3-2 which was their first one after almost 2 years. Misbah was the standout performer with the bat, while Shahid Afridi the ODI captain stood out with the ball and also winning his first series as captain.Although Pakistan looked good in the series and had many good individual performances they were never counted as a dangerous team for the upcoming World Cup. Listening to Sanjay Manjerekar and ever so hated Ian Chappel on Cricinfo they were of the view that Pakistani team might as well crash out from the first round. For sure the enthusiasm among the general public was not as it was used to be, poor showing in the previous two editions and a terrible last year were the main reasons.

People can argue that 1992 World Cup was a better one but for sure 2011 World Cup was a more competitive and close one! The format of CWC 2011 was designed in such a way that minimized the chances of top teams to disqualify from the tournament. Pakistan started off the tournament with a convincing win over Kenya, but their first and real test was Srilanka in Srilanka and Pakistan was able to win the match and gain the momentum that carried them to a stage no one expected. The usual ups and downs were still there when Pakistan escaped the scare of Canada thanks to Shahid Afridi who had been in superb form throughout the tournament and his leading from the front performance was perhaps one of the reasons Pakistan performed well in the tournament! 

Had it not been Kamran Akmal's famous birthday gift to ross taylor Pakistan would have been the winning side against New Zealand but that was not the case as Pakistan lost their first match of the tournament. In my opinion losing the match against New Zealand was good for Pakistan in a way that it steadied the team and the fear of loss at the critical stage was no more their and riding on that feeling Pakistan won their important match against Australia which also ended the Australian winning streak that lasted over 13 years. Last group match was against was Zimbabwe which Pakistan won easily by 7 wickets. Thanks to the win against Australia and lost against New Zealand Pakistan was able to play their quarter final against West Indies. Pakistan were able to win the quarter final by 10 wickets and were the first team to reach the semi final. 

India were the team Pakistan were to face in the semi final and never in my life I've seen such passion and enthusiasm. The Semi Final match was with India and although Pakistan lost the match after a close fight, no regrets for that as we had played magnificently up till now in the tournament, no one can imagine the hype that was created. It was just sensational to say the least. You could see it on TV, you could see it on the streets, you could read it in media, you could sense it within your hearts. It was called the "Mother Of all Matches". Indian Prime Minister invited Pakistani Prime Minister to the match. People were unable to get the tickets even at high cost. Here in Pakistan there were people praying for our team all day long, Most of the school and colleges were closed. It was a local holiday in the Sindh Province and a half day all over Pakistan. Young people had painted their faces were rallying within the cities, big screens were put everywhere. In our University students had almost planned a strike due to the match and were not sitting in the examination hall. Everyone was worried about the match, most students left the hall half way through the exam and now cutting it short, Pakistan as a nation was united for once! there were no Sindhi, Punjabi, Balochi or Pathan today, everyone was a Pakistani, a Proud Pakistani! No one mind Pakistan's loss in the semi final and the team was greeted warmly when they reached Pakistan.

The team looked settled now and were on a high after the good performance in the World Cup. Their next assignment was the tour of West Indies and Pakistan were the clear favorites going into the series, and it was felt they would win a series against West Indies at last. The tour kicked of with a T20 match and not surprisingly Pakistan lost the match by 7 runs. Pakistan's performance in the T20 format of late wasn't that good. The ODI series started of with wins for Pakistan in the first three matches by 8, 7 and 3 wickets respectively. But then the usual troubles with the Pakistani team started, coach Waqar Younis and Shahid Afridi had a few differences over the selection issues and the manager Intikhab Alam didn't help the issues either by supporting the coach, which left Afridi furious as he wanted to stick with the team which had won the first three ODI's. The rift was visible in the next two matches as Pakistan played poorly and lost the last two matches by 1 run in the forth and huge margin of 10 wickets in the last match.

The test series was the part of the tour which was most anticipated as Pakistan had never won a test series in West Indies and looking at the west Indian team Pakistan had perhaps the best chance ever to set things right but that wasn't to be. Pakistan lost the first test by 40 runs failing to score 200 runs in both the innings against a modest West Indian attack, the score sheet of West Indies 226 and 152; Pakistan 160 and 178 tells the story and Pakistan instead of winning the series now had to work hard in the second test match to save the series which they safely did thanks to late first innings resistance by Tanvir Ahmed and Saeed Ajmal with the bat and in the second innings centuries by Taufeeq Umar and Misbah in the second innings. The test series was leveled 1-1 as Pakistan won by 196 runs.

Lets not talk about the controversies and move on to the next tour, which was of Ireland and Pakistan were to play two ODI's against the dangerous Irish team and that too in tricky situations. Misbah was now named the captain of the short format as well. Pakistan had retained the test squad that participated in the West Indies series due to time shortage. The first ODI was reduced to 36 over match due to rain and Pakistan won that easily with 7 wickets to spare. The second ODI was the most challenging one in which Pakistan had to chase a competitive total of 239 and at one stage were in a spot of bother at 80/3 after 20 overs. But thanks to Umar Akmal who scored a quick fire 60 and steered Pakistan home. 

Later in the year Pakistan visited Zimbabwe for a complete tour after 9 years and were to play 1 test, 3 ODI and 2 T20's. Not surprisingly, Pakistan selected a relatively inexperienced team for this tour. This decision seemed to have backfired in the only test match of the tour when Zimbabwe scored a total of 412 in the first innings against a baby Pakistan bowling attack and at one stage when Pakistan finished their first innings at the score of 466 it was looking that the test match was moving towards a draw which would have been a shame for Pakistani team but thanks to a brilliant bowling display by Muhammad Hafeez Zimbabwe were bundled out for 141 in the second Innings and Pakistan chased down the easy target with the loss of 3 wickets.

The ODI's and T20's were where Zimbabwe had a real chance to nail Pakistan down but never in any of the matches did they looked like winning, their fielding was poor and Pakistan surprisingly fielded above their potential. The team was relatively new still but Pakistan clean sweep the one day international series 3-0 by 5 runs, 10 wickets, and 28 runs respectively. Muhammad Hafeez was in top form durning the ODI series with both the bat and ball and was named Man of the Series. T20 was still Pakistan's even though Zimbabwe put up a good fight in the second match but Pakistan never really had much trouble wrapping up the tour and clean sweeping. Muhammad Hafeez won the man of Series award here as well. This was Waqar Younis's last series with the team as he had already announced he won't carry on after the tour.

Pakistan's biggest challenge of the year was the series against Srilanka in the United Arab Emirates. The series comprised of 3 Test, 5 ODI and a solitary T20. Pakistan were ranked below Srilanka in all the three formats but the results were complete opposite. Pakistan dominated throughout the five days of the first cricket test between the two teams, had it not been the drop catches Pakistan would have won easily. Srilanka who won the toss and elected to bat first in the second test were bundled out for 239. Pakistan's reply was again a strong one as they were able to score 403 runs and taking a lead of 164 runs with Azhar Ali scoring his first international hundred and were able to bowl out Srilanka for 257 runs in their second innings.. Saeed Ajmal was declared man of the match with 68-5 in the 2nd innings! The third Cricket test was a dull draw but Pakistan really had to work very hard to earn it and the unusual rain at Sharjah Cricket ground also helped as Pakistan earned a draw batting out ouvh 50 add overs and scoring just 80+ runs. 

Pakistani Cricket team delighted their fans with a complete dominant Performance in the ODI and T20 series and winning by 4-1 and 1-0 respectively, thanks to Shahid Afridi who won the Sharjah ODI single handedly for Pakistan scoring 75 (65) and taking 5/35. Srilanka had lost lost the 1st ODI by 8 wickets but came back to win the 2nd ODI. After that it was Pakistan all along the  way and gave Srilanka no opening what so ever. The next three matches were won by 21, 26 runs and 3 wickets respectively. Srilanka were ranked World number 2 in the T20 format but once again thanks to Shahid Afridi' sensible batting Pakistan won a close encounter by 5 wickets with just 3 balls to spare and thawed a dominant performance on Srilanka.

Pakistan were to fly directly to Bangladesh after the Srilankan series. The series started with the T20 match. Pakistan won the toss and batted first ended up scoring just 135/9 in 20 overs. That because the nature of the p[itch which was turning square right from the first over in which spin was introduced. This was exactly the pattern that was followed during the short format leg of the tour. Pakistan went on to win the T20 match with a huge margin of 50 runs thanks to the spin quarter. This went on to the ODI series as well where spinners completely dominated the proceedings and Pakistani spinners being more experienced kept the upper hand, the only challenge Bangladesh could give was in the last ODI where they bowled out Pakistan for 177 and were 60+ for 1 at one stage but Pakistan who played 5 spinners in the match managed to sneak through the middle order and won. The series win results were as follows 5 wickets, 76 runs, 58 runs.

There was never really a doubt that Pakistan will win both the test matches easily because Bangladesh were playing really poor cricket especially their top order had no clue to to manage and stay at the wicket. Pakistan took full advantage of the vulnerability of the top order and good spinning conditions and clean sweep easily. In the first test BD were bundled out for just 135 on day 1, thanks to Younis Khan's double ton Pakistan ranked up a mammoth total of 594 and after that there wasn't much chance for Bangladesh to come back and Pakistan won the match easily by an Innings and 184 runs. The only hurdle for Pakistan in the second test match was the weather and Pakistan was finally able to defeat it on the final moments of day 5 to make the result 2-0 and ending the year on a winning note just as it started. Fittingly Mishah-ul-Haq hit the last ball of the year for a huge six.




Best Test Team:

Best ODI Team:

Highest Runs Test:

Highest Runs ODI:

Highest Wickets Test:

Highest Wickets ODI:

Partnership Test:

Partnership ODI:

Catches Test:

Catches ODI:

Highest Total Test:

Highest Total ODI:

Terrorism In Pakistan

Terror, terrorists, and terrorism are more frequentlyburning issues of the media. After 9/11 the phenomenon of terrorism hasdrastically changed the socio-economic and geo-political scenario of thePakistan. It has shaken the social fabric of Pakistan. Terrorism is the resultof extremism which results in different forms of manifestation of violence.Terrorism is a tree and extremism provides balance food to grow the treeproperly. Different accused groups allegedly involved in terrorism are thebranches of this tree. Terrorism is the social evil and problem of today. The phenomenonof the terrorism has
occurred due to socioeconomic injustice, politicaldisparity and quest of selfish individuals and groups to retain the power for theirvested interests. No doubt, terrorism upsets humanity on the whole and createsunrest in the society. Although the acts of terrorism are visible everywhere inthe world, but Pakistan is facing the phenomenon of terrorism directly andseverely as a social problem. Pakistan is the front line state amonginternational community and consequently the people and state of Pakistan arefacing the outrage of the terrorists. The society of Pakistan was considered tobe the most peaceful society, but since 1979 after the Russian invasion inAfghanistan the society saw great twist in the social fabric and politicoeconomic system. The world super powers encouraged the militant organizationsto promote the culture of Jihad (Islamic holy war) to defeat Russia. The worldpowers provided their huge support to the government of Pakistan and relatedmilitant organizations in the form of money, weapons and politico moralsupport. Meanwhile, political instability, corruption, social injustice andeconomic disparity added fuel on fire in giving rise to different forms ofmanifestation of terrorism. With the collapse of Russia from the world orderthe geo-political situation of Pakistan changed. In this changed scenario theterrorism strongly gripped and swiftly spread in Pakistani society. Its mostvisible manifestation was sectarianism in 1990s triggered by religiousextremism. After 9/11, Swat and Waziristan Mission Rah-e-Nijaat, Pakistan onceagain became the front line state in war against terror. Pakistan played itsrole effectively to curb terrorism and militant groups which increased the actsof terrorism in Pakistan. This research seeks to find the impact on social lifeand culture of Pakistan, the ways to defuse the fear and effects of terrorismfor social well being. Terrorism is one of the social evils not only forPakistan but also for all over the world that negatively hit the society as asocio-economic and political problem.

CHAPTER NO.2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Terrorism

The word Terrorism can best be defined as “Thecalculated use of violence (or threat of violence) against civilians in orderto attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; thisis done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear “Or “Terrorism isthe use of threats and violence to frighten or alarm people.” Terrorism isa term used to describe violence orother harmful acts committed (or threatened) against civilians by groups orpersons for political or ideological goals. Most definitions of terrorism include only those acts whichare intended to create fear or "terror", are perpetratedfor an ideological goal (as opposed to a "madman" attack), and deliberately target "non combatants". The terms"terrorism" and "terrorist" (someone who engages in terrorism) carrya strong negative connotation. These terms are often used as political labels to condemn violence or threat ofviolence by certain actors as immoral, indiscriminate,or unjustified. Those labeled "terrorists" rarely identify themselvesas such, and typically use othergeneric terms or terms specific to their situation, such as: separatist, freedom fighter, liberator, revolutionary, vigilante,militant, paramilitary, guerrilla,rebel, jihadi or mujahidin,or any similar meaning word in other languages. In simple wordsterrorism is the state of fear created through the act of violence. The commonunderstanding about the terrorism is that “Terrorism is an organized system of intimidation,especially for political ends”. Different stakeholders such as terroristgroups, states and social scientists have arch differences over the definitionof the terrorism depending on the complexity of the circumstances. There is agreat controversy over how to term various freedom movements as a liberationstruggle or terrorists’ movements. An act of certain group is freedom fight forsome people and terrorism for others. This phenomenon makes it difficult toagree on exact meaning and definition of the terrorism. Every one explains theterrorism according to his/her certain connotation and vested interests. Somedefinitions and versions of terrorism are mentioned below to understand thephenomenon more profoundly. Terrorism is the public harassment, wave ofagitation, protest against the government, damage to public and privateproperty, in order to draw the attention of authorities. It can be assertedthat terrorism is absolutely against peaceful political set-up. According to Encyclopediaof political thought it is a form of political violence, directed at agovernment but often involving ordinary citizens, whose aim is to create aclimate of fear in which the of the aims of the terrorist will be granted bygovernment in question.

Charles Townshend (2002) describes the US and Britishversion of terrorism in his book entitled “Terrorism a very short Introduction”as “The terrorism is the calculated use or threat of violence to inculcatefear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies”. Terrorism isthe language of being noticed (Delillo, 1992).

According to the Dictionary of Social Sciences “Terrorismrefers to the illegitimate use of force by those who oppose existing social,political or economic arrangements”

In short it can be concluded that the terrorism is an actof violence performed by any rebellion group or individual to get the certainviewpoint acknowledged or recognized by the society and government. It is a useof force to impose the vested interest of the extremist schools of thoughts andviolent groups. Terrorism may be described as a strategy of violence designedto inspire terror within a particular segment of a given society. Terrorism isa state of intense fear which threatens the most fundamental human drive thewill to survive intact. When the certain groups or certain school of thoughtare not given due socio-political acknowledgement and accommodation they turnto violence to show their existence. It is the extreme of imposition of thewill by the rulers or dissident groups on the society.

2.2 Types of Terrorism

The phenomenon of the terrorism is very complex on thewhole in all aspects. There is disagreement among the scholars over the typesof the terrorism unlike its definition.

Various attempts have been made to derive the most commontypes of terrorism. Some of them are highlighted below:

2.2.1 SuicideTerrorism

Suicideterrorism is the readiness to sacrifice one's life in the process of destroyingor attempting to   destroy a target toadvance their goals. The aim of the psychologically and physically war-trainedterrorist is to die while destroying the enemy target. A suicide terrorist attack (also knownas suicide bombing, homicide bombing or"kamikaze") is an attack intended to kill others and inflictwidespread damage, while the attacker intends to die as well in the process.Modern suicide terrorism is aimed at causing devastating physical damage,through which it inflicts profound fear and anxiety. Its goal is toproduce a negative psychological effect on an entire populationrather than just on the victims of the actual attack. The largenumber of casualties guaranteed in such attacks ensures dramatic andspectacular media coverage (Schweitzer,2000). Methods of suicide terrorism include blowing upairplanes in mid-air, the use of weapons of mass destruction, andthe use as missiles of ordinary moving objects such as aircraft,motor cars, boats, wagons, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles, animals, andyoung men and women. Over the past two decades acts of suicide terrorism havebeen reported in Lebanon, Kuwait, Sri Lanka, Israel, Palestine (WestBank), India, Panama, Algeria, Pakistan, Argentina, Croatia, Turkey,Tanzania, Kenya and the USA. Between 1980 and 2002, an estimated 340suicide–homicide terrorist acts have been reported, with anestimated number of victims varying from none to 3000 per incidentand number of suicides ranging from 1 to as many as 16 in a singleact of suicide terrorism. There are currently ten religious andsecular groups that are known to have used suicide–homicide acts asa tactic against their government or against foreign governments.Some of the terrorist suicide groups are motivated by nationalism,ethnic nationalism, religion or religious ethnic nationalism (Schweitzer,2000). The literature on suicide terrorismrefers to the beliefs and personality of the leader, the socialstructure of the group, and makes references to irrationality,brainwashing and morbid psychology (Hazani,1993; Lamberg,1997; Dein& Littlewood, 2000; Colvard,2002). The powerful hold that the leader has over the groupmembers, generally referred to as ‘charisma’, and the leader'spatience and goal-directedness are the most common factors in allsuicide terrorist groups. Followers and potential suicide terroristsare indoctrinated to believe in their immortality and assuredascendance to a heavenly paradise which they are made to believe is physicallypresent. Suicide terrorists are convinced of their immortality, a belief that gives them sufficient drive to carry outthe fatal act (Hazani,1993), a complex convergence of political, cultural andreligious ideas, economic hardship and, in some cases, psychologicalinstability (Hazani,1993). However, it is not clear from the available literaturewhether mental illness among suicide terrorists is any higher thanin the general population. It is possible that those who havedemonstrated mental illness were ill before joining the terroristorganisation (Lamberg,1997). Suicide terrorists who execute acts such as theattack on the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001 may be peoplewho are not necessarily violent but who embark on violent actions and are preparedto die for what they believe to be the greater good of their society(Colvard,2002). The primary aim of suicide terrorists is notsuicide, because to the terrorist groups suicide is simply a means to an end,with a motivation that stems from rage and a sense ofself-righteousness. They see themselves as soldiers willing tosacrifice themselves for a higher purpose and are convinced of aneternal reward through their action (Ganor,2000). Two main motivations can be identified in the vastmajority of suicide terrorist acts: the first is anger and a senseof hopelessness; the second is a deep religious belief that a betterlife awaits in paradise.

2.2.2Political terrorism

Political terrorism is a violent criminal behavior designed primarily togenerate fear inthe community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.

2.2.3 Non Political terrorism

Non-Political terrorism is a Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes butwhich exhibits “conscious design to create and maintain high degree of fear forcoercive purposes, butthe end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of apolitical objective.

2.2.4State Terrorism

State terrorism hasbeen used to refer to terrorist acts by governmental agents or forces. Thisinvolves the use of state resources employed by a state's foreign policies,such as using its military to directly perform acts of terrorism.

2.2.5Democracy and Domestic Terrorism

The relationshipbetween domestic terrorism and democracy is very complex. Terrorism is mostcommon in nations with intermediate political freedom, and is least common inthe most democratic nations. However, one study suggests that suicide terrorismmay be an exception to this general rule. Evidence regarding this particularmethod of terrorism reveals that every modern suicide campaign has targeted ademocracy- a state with a considerable degree of political freedom. The studysuggests that concessions awarded to terrorists during the 1980s and 1990s forsuicide attacks increased their frequency. Some examples of"terrorism" in non-democracies include ETA in Spain under Francisco Franco, the Shining Path in Peruunder Alberto Fujimori, the Kurdistan WorkersParty when Turkey was ruled by militaryleaders and the ANC in South Africa.Democracies, such as the United States, Israel, Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, have alsoexperienced domestic terrorism. While a democratic nation espousing civilliberties may claim a sense of higher moral ground than other regimes, an actof terrorism within such a state may cause a perceived dilemma: whether tomaintain its civil liberties and thus risk being perceived as ineffective indealing with the problem; or alternatively to restrict its civil liberties andthus risk delegitimizing its claim of supporting civil liberties. Thisdilemma, some social theorists would conclude, may very well play into theinitial plans of the acting terrorist(s); namely, to delegitimize the state.

2.3 SocialLife

Social life is the combination of variouscomponents: activities, people, and places. While all of those components arerequired to define a social life, the nature of each component isdifferent for every person, and can change for each person, as affected by avariety of external influences. There are different kinds of things that affectone’s social life. There are the obvious factors that affect our social livesover the course of our lifetime, like age – a teenager’s social life of hangingout at the closest mall accessible by bike is different from a 35-year olds sociallife of going to a dinner party at a friend’s house, or even stage in life –two 30-year-olds will have very different social lives if one is married withthree kids, living out in the suburbs. There are also more immediate thingsthat can affect one’s social life on a day-to-day basis. Availability offriends and/or dates, current cash flow, personal schedule, recent positiverestaurant reviews, and perhaps a post on where the celebs are hanging out canall determine with whom you interact, the nature of activities, how often you socialize,and where such social activities take place.

2.4 SocialImpact

The word socialImpact tells us about the Society, In order to understand it first we’lldiscuss the definition of society.

“An extended social group is having a distinctivecultural and economic organization”

Or

“A formal association of people with similar interests”

As the definition shows, asociety is a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by commoninterest and may have distinctive culture and institutions.In a society members can be from a different ethnic group. A"Society" may refer to a particular people such as Pakistani,or to a broader cultural group, such as Western society. Society canalso be explained as an organized group of people associated together for religious,benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic,or other purposes. Implicit in the meaning of society is that its members sharesome mutual concern or Interest, a common objective or common characteristics.

CHAPTER NO.3

                                                              HYPOTHESIS

These were the following hypothesis formulated for our research:

 ·        H-1   Terrorism is affecting the social life andculture of Pakistan

·        H-2   People are bravely facing the currentvolatile and adverse situation

CHAPTER NO.4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The methods selected for theresearch were as follows:

·        Survey

·        Secondary Analysis

·        Documents

4.1 Survey

The primary research was carriedout through surveys including questionnaires and interviews. The interviewswere taken from our relatives and different faculty members of our universityincluding students. Questionnaire was particularly devised for testing theselected hypothesis by randomly selecting the individuals of different agegroups of Air University Islamabad.

There were eight close endedquestions and one open ended question. They were informed about the key termsand guided in order to remove any sort of confusion which could lead toinappropriate results. The total sample size of the questionnaires was 100.Someof the questionnaires which were not filled properly were discarded, 100questionnaires were floated out of which 90 were selected. The results areanalyzed based on assessment of individual question given in later section ofthis report.

4.2 Secondary Analysis

The secondary data and researchesthat were already there helped us study and brain-storm about what we wanted toget out of this research. This research methodology was mainly used to test oursecond hypothesis that people of Pakistan are bravely facing the current volatileand adverse situation. It helped us a lot to get the desired information andcome up with the effects of terrorism on their social life and culture.

4.3 Documents

Internet, Magazines, Articles & Journals, Newspapers, Library booksof AU were mainly used to collect all the information related to theeffects of terrorism on social life and culture of Pakistan.

CHAPTERNO.5

RESULTSANALYSIS

5.1 Discussion

Nowadays people avoid going to social gathering due to terrorist attackswhich clearly shows that the terrorism has affected the social life of generalpopulation. Nobody can afford to trust in their social circle and personal lifenow. They are afraid of being the victims of terrorism. Most of them agreedthat the violent acts of terrorism has badly damaged their mental    growth and created a constant stressfulsituation for them and their family. Asituation full of stress, frustration only helps in boosting troubles for themthus frustrated and stressed out due to everyday terrorist activities. Religion is our core value which howeverstarted being affected by the terrorism. Thequestion we asked in relation to this was that “Do you feel safe to offerprayers in the mosque?” 50% preferred to stay neutral; the other major portionthat is 20% strongly disagreed. This shows that people are confused right now,but yes they did have an impact. The cultural value of Pakistan likehospitality is changing due to the terrorist actions. Hospitality is again a core value of our nationwhich is on its way to down. Like said above, there’s word trust does not lieanymore anywhere, the good example of hospitality will be even before you say ‘Salam’to a plumber, you make sure he leaves your place as soon as possible. Peoplehave been psychologically affected due to the current adverse scenario of thecountry. Terrorist activities have affected our social relationships with othercountries. 46% of the respondents strongly agreed to it.We have lost our respect internationally. The good example is that Cricketchampion’s trophy was to be held in Pakistan, instead in South Africa. Each year there is an arts festival held inLahore where performers from all over the world come, it was cancelled.Moreover, we have to hear now ‘do more do more’ slogans which furtherfrustrates our nation. The open ended question that the measures taken by thegovernment to prevent terrorist attacks are satisfactory was designed to checkthe solidity of the people and their trust on Government. Many valuableinputs also came in with this question. Respondents said that creating a warlike situation in the country like these huge concrete walls, sand bags, nothey will also build a concrete wall between divider on Islamabad highway, theywon’t help in preventing terrorist attacks. They were of the opinion that theGovernment should rather take concrete measures then creating a war likesituation as it is in Iraq. For detailed results (see Appendix-B)

5.2 Analysis

Eighty two percent of H1 is fullyaccepted which shows that theterrorism is effecting the social life and culture of Pakistan. H2 is acceptedthrough our secondary analysis including different videos proving that thePakistanis are bravely facing the current volatile and adverse situation. Thiscan be authenticated through our study as both the hypotheses have been proved.

CHAPTERNO.6

EFFECTS OF TERRORISM ON SCOIALLIFE AND CULTURE OF PAKISTAN

The end sufferer of the terrorism is the general public.It is general consensus among the social scientists that human conflict andcorruption cannot be done away from the society. The human conflict results inthe form of violence or terrorism. The repercussions of the terrorism are veryserious for the masses. No doubt, the terrorism not only directly affects economicdevelopment and prosperity but the psycho-social repercussions and heavily damagehuman personality and the society. The effects of terrorism may vary fromdifferent persons to different societies. These are some of the followingeffects and impacts devise through our research:

·        Firstof all the terrorism has created a sense of fear in the minds of the people.This fear has further lead to sense of dissatisfaction and terror among thepeople.

·        Dueto terrorism the sense of helplessness has prevailed in the human minds. Thissense of helplessness has further lead to hopelessness among the peopleregarding their personal and social well-being.

·        Theviolent acts of terrorism has badly damaged the mental growth of the humanbeings and put them in to constant stressful situation. Such attacksespecially, leave harmful and far reaching effects on the minds of the childrenwhen they see dead bodies and horrible scenes of the terrorism on the media.These days the media gives extra ordinary coverage to the incidents ofterrorism all over the world and people find themselves involved very muchwhich creates resentment in their minds.

·        Beingaffected by the repercussion of the terrorism the snobbish attitude has beendeveloped among the masses. It has further damaged human and familialrelationships which ultimately affects the working performance of theindividuals.

·        Governmenthas lost their trust and solidity. It has enhanced anger and resentment amongthe masses against the government and the state apparatus.

·        Thepeople have become the victims of psychological diseases such as anxiety andfrustration, aggression, and deprivation. The social relationships haveseverely suffered from great loss in the presence of these psychologicaldiseases.

·        Dueto terrorism social splits has widened among the people belonging to thedifferent schools of thought. This split has become the cause of significantsocial division which harms the social fabric and unity negatively.

·        Dueto the fear of terrorist attacks the people are trying to escape from theirsocial and professional responsibilities. For example a soldier cannot performhis duty if he/she has witnessed other companions dying in the deadly terroristattacks. Of course, one will join his/her duty but due to constant fear oflosing the life he/she would perform duty in the state of fear.

·        Terrorismhas promoted social segregation and isolation among the different strata of thesociety. It has created distance between the supporters and suffers of theaccused terrorist attacks. That means the terrorism has enhanced the socialdisturbance and people feel divided in the society.

·        Terrorismhas affected the social progress and well-being of the people. Because of theterrorists activities the businesses and economy of the country has suffered agreat loss. As a result poverty has increased which damages the society verymuch.

In short, terrorism has long lasting effects on the individuals,groups and overall society. The social prosperity and the well-being of the massesare at the risk and in the situation of constant strain and stress. The human beingsfind it difficult to live their life properly and calmly. The violent behaviordevelops among the people who lead to socio-economic decline and destroy thehuman and social relationships.

CHAPTER NO.7

CONCLUSION

7.1 Implication

Our research project can be very usefulfor the Government, Public, Sociologist and Psychologist to study and work onthese effects of terrorism on social life and culture of Pakistan.

7.2 Research Limitations

Due to some limitations weweren’t able to conduct research up to its full potential level. Securityconcerns in Pakistan limited our research to the greater extent. Many of therespondents were avoiding talking on this topic because of the current adversescenario. We were bound to research within the university and couldn’t visitdifferent people who are actually the sufferers of terrorism to carry out theresearch work.

7.3 Future research

Future researchers on this topiccan research on the causes and cures of these effects of terrorism on sociallife and culture of Pakistan.

7.4 Recommendations

·        Governmentshould establish some rehabilitation centre for the sufferers who have becomethe victims of these psychological diseases due to the psycho-social effects ofterrorism.

·        The effort of the international community in generaland the institutions working against terrorism in special should help individualstates in diagnosing the causes and issues which need to be resolved.

·        The international community should try to agree uponthe minimum common agenda to curb terrorism.

·        The clear cut distinction should be established andmaintained to work closely in the fight against terrorism.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

·        http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/terrorism

·        http://www.ask.com/questions-about/Terrorism

·        http://viewstonews.com/index.php/effects-of-social-injustices-in-pakistan/pakistan/

·        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_life

·        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_theory

·        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan

·        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism

·        http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=711

·        http://www.fas.org/irp/threat/frd.html

·        Schweitzer,Y. (2000) Suicide Terrorism: Development andCharacteristics. http://www.ict.org.il/

·        The BritishJournal of Psychiatry (2003) http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/182/6/475

·        http://www.bookrags.com/essay-2005/3/27/203410/697

·        CHARLES, TOWNSHEND (2002). Terrorism a very ShortIntroduction. Oxford University Press, Pakistan.

·        MUHAMMAD, IMTIAZ ZAFAR DR. (2007). Violence Terrorismand Teaching of Islam. Higher Education Commission, Pakistan.

Weird

This is the weirdest Post I have ever written !!!

WEIRD WEIRD WEIRD WEIRD WEIRD